What does it mean to fight a war as a Jew? In a world shaped by terrorism, hostage crises, and heated debates about civilian casualties and international law, this question is more urgent than ever. But it is not new. Since the emergence of the modern Zionist movement, Jewish thinkers and leaders have wrestled with how to defend their people and their state while staying true to Jewish values. In this course, we will explore key moments in modern Jewish history to ask a challenging question: How can a nation fight to win—and still fight ethically?